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低温铝电解 2

惰性粒子 2

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Degradation of refractory organics in concentrated leachate by the Fenton process: Central composite design for process optimization

Senem Yazici Guvenc, Gamze Varank

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1294-1

摘要： Abstract • 90% total COD, 95.3% inert COD and 97.2% UV254 were removed. • High R2 values (over 95%) for all responses were obtained with CCD. • Operational cost was calculated to be 0.238 €/g CODremoved for total COD removal. • Fenton oxidation was highly-efficient method for inert COD removal. • BOD5/COD ratio of leachate concentrate raised from 0.04 to 0.4. The primary aim of this study is inert COD removal from leachate nanofiltration concentrate because of its high concentration of resistant organic pollutants. Within this framework, this study focuses on the treatability of leachate nanofiltration concentrate through Fenton oxidation and optimization of process parameters to reach the maximum pollutant removal by using response surface methodology (RSM). Initial pH, Fe2+ concentration, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio and oxidation time are selected as the independent variables, whereas total COD, color, inert COD and UV254 removal are selected as the responses. According to the ANOVA results, the R2 values of all responses are found to be over 95%. Under the optimum conditions determined by the model (pH: 3.99, Fe2+: 150 mmol/L, H2O2/Fe2+: 3.27 and oxidation time: 84.8 min), the maximum COD removal efficiency is determined as 91.4% by the model. The color, inert COD and UV254 removal efficiencies are determined to be 99.9%, 97.2% and 99.5%, respectively, by the model, whereas the total COD, color, inert COD and UV254 removal efficiencies are found respectively to be 90%, 96.5%, 95.3% and 97.2%, experimentally under the optimum operating conditions. The Fenton process improves the biodegradability of the leachate NF concentrate, increasing the BOD5/COD ratio from the value of 0.04 to the value of 0.4. The operational cost of the process is calculated to be 0.238 €/g CODremoved. The results indicate that the Fenton oxidation process is an efficient and economical technology in improvement of the biological degradability of leachate nanofiltration concentrate and in removal of resistant organic pollutants.

关键词： Concentrated leachate     Fenton oxidation     Central composite design     Biodegradability     Inert COD    

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中国铝工业应用新型电极材料的研究与展望

邱竹贤

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第5期   页码 50-54

摘要：

介绍了现代铝工业上新近开发研制的几种电极材料，涉及惰性阴极、惰性阳极、双极性电极等；还研制了低温电解质，使电解温度降低到800～900℃。如果惰性电极与低温电解质配合起来应用，则能够明显减少工业铝生产中的物料消耗，节省电能，增大电解槽生产能力，并改善环境状况，可望大幅度降低生产成本。

关键词： 惰性阳极     惰性阴极     SiC绝缘侧壁     低温铝电解    

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Nitrate removal to its fate in wetland mesocosm filled with sponge iron: Impact of influent COD/N ratio

Zhihao Si, Xinshan Song, Xin Cao, Yuhui Wang, Yifei Wang, Yufeng Zhao, Xiaoyan Ge, Awet Arefe Tesfahunegn

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1183-7

摘要： CW-Fe allowed a high-performance of NO3‒-N removal at the COD/N ratio of 0. Higher COD/N resulted in lower chem-denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. The application of s-Fe0 contributed to TIN removal in wetland mesocosm. s-Fe0 changed the main denitrifiers in wetland mesocosm. Sponge iron (s-Fe0) is a porous metal with the potential to be an electron donor for denitrification. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using s-Fe0 as the substrate of wetland mesocosms. Here, wetland mesocosms with the addition of s-Fe0 particles (CW-Fe) and a blank control group (CW-CK) were established. The NO3‒-N reduction property and water quality parameters (pH, DO, and ORP) were examined at three COD/N ratios (0, 5, and 10). Results showed that the NO3‒-N removal efficiencies were significantly increased by 6.6 to 58.9% in the presence of s-Fe0. NH4+-N was mainly produced by chemical denitrification, and approximately 50% of the NO3‒-N was reduced to NH4+-N, at the COD/ratio of 0. An increase of the influent COD/N ratio resulted in lower chemical denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. Although chemical denitrification mediated by s-Fe0 led to an accumulation of NH4+-N at COD/N ratios of 0 and 5, the TIN removal efficiencies increased by 4.5%‒12.4%. Moreover, the effluent pH, DO, and ORP values showed a significant negative correlation with total Fe and Fe (II) (P<0.01). High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that Trichococcus (77.2%) was the most abundant microorganism in the CW-Fe mesocosm, while Thauera, Zoogloea, and Herbaspirillum were the primary denitrifying bacteria. The denitrifiers, Simplicispira, Dechloromonas, and Denitratisoma, were the dominant bacteria for CW-CK. This study provides a valuable method and an improved understanding of NO3‒-N reduction characteristics of s-Fe0 in a wetland mesocosm.

关键词： Sponge iron     Wetland mesocosm     Electronic donor     Denitrification     COD/N ratio    

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microflora and its bioaugmentation on anaerobic wastewater treatment for enhancing methane production and COD

Chong Liu, Jianzheng Li, Shuo Wang, Loring Nies

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0856-8

摘要： Syntrophic propionate-oxidizing microflora B83 was enriched from anaerobic sludge. The bioaugmentation of microflora B83 were evaluated from wastewater treatment. Methane yield and COD removal were enhanced by bioaugmentation of microflora B83. Hydrogen-producing acetogensis was a rate-limiting step in methane fermentation. Methane fermentation process can be restricted and even destroyed by the accumulation of propionate because it is the most difficult to be anaerobically oxidized among the volatile fatty acids produced by acetogenesis. To enhance anaerobic wastewater treatment process for methane production and COD removal, a syntrophic propionate-oxidizing microflora B83 was obtained from an anaerobic activated sludge by enrichment with propionate. The inoculation of microflora B83, with a 1:9 ratio of bacteria number to that of the activated sludge, could enhance the methane production from glucose by 2.5 times. With the same inoculation dosage of the microflora B83, COD removal in organic wastewater treatment process was improved from 75.6% to 86.6%, while the specific methane production by COD removal was increased by 2.7 times. Hydrogen-producing acetogenesis appeared to be a rate-limiting step in methane fermentation, and the enhancement of hydrogen-producing acetogens in the anaerobic wastewater treatment process had improved not only the hydrogen-producing acetogenesis but also the acidogenesis and methanogenesis.

关键词： Anaerobic wastewater treatment     Methane production     Hydrogen-producing acetogenesis     Methanogenesis     Rate-limiting step     Bioaugmentation    

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mechanisms of key functional microorganisms in the partial denitrification-anammox process induced by COD

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1703-3

摘要：

● The availability of PD-anammox was investigated with higher NO3––N concentration.

关键词： PD-anammox process     Nitrite accumulation     COD     Microbial interaction    

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Characterization of CANON reactor performance and microbial community shifts with elevated COD/N ratios

Yao Zhang, Yayi Wang, Yuan Yan, Haicheng Han, Min Wu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1095-6

摘要：

COD/N at low ratios (0–0.82) improved N removals of CANON.

CANON performance decreased after COD/N up to 0.82.

The relative abundance of AOB decreased continuously with increasing COD/N.

AOB outcompeted at a high COD load led to CANON failure.

The relative abundance of AnAOB decreased and increased with increasing COD/N.

关键词： CANON process     COD/N ratio     Anammox     Ammonia oxidizing bacteria     Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria    

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21世纪伊始铝电解工业的新进展

邱竹贤

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第4期   页码 41-46

摘要：

21世纪伊始，法国500kA特大型预焙阳极电解槽，以及中国320 kA大型电解槽的出现，标志着铝电解工业的重要新进展。文章从理论上分析了大型电解槽的优越性，论述了减少电解槽的热损失系数，即减少按单位电量核算的热损失量，便是大型槽能够节省电能的理论基础；应用低温铝电解和惰性电极是铝电解工业今后的发展方向。

关键词： 铝电解工业     大型电解槽     低温铝电解     惰性阳极和惰性阴极    

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A new fracture criterion for peridynamic and dual-horizon peridynamics

Jinhai ZHAO, Hesheng TANG, Songtao XUE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 629-641 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0447-1

摘要： A new fracture criterion based on the crack opening displacement for peridynamic (PD) and dual-horizon peridynamics (DH-PD) is proposed. When the relative deformation of the PD bond between the particles reaches the critical crack tip opening displacement of the fracture mechanics, we assume that the bond force vanishes. A new damage rule similar to the local damage rule in conventional PD is introduced to simulate fracture. The new formulation is developed for a linear elastic solid though the extension to nonlinear materials is straightforward. The performance of the new fracture criterion is demonstrated by four examples, i.e. a bilateral crack problem, double parallel crack, monoclinic crack and the double inclined crack. The results are compared to experimental data and the results obtained by other computational methods.

关键词： Castigliano’s theorem     breaking energy     critical extension     XFEM     COD     PD-COD    

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Biotoxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles on bacterial performance of activated sludge at COD

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1453-z

摘要：

• ZnO-NP disrupted metabolic/catabolic balance of bacteria by affecting DHA activity.

关键词： Granular sludge     Biotoxicity     Reactive oxygen species     Extracellular polymeric substances    

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铝电解用Fe-Ni-Co-Al2O3金属陶瓷惰性阳极

邱竹贤,石忠宁,徐君莉

《中国工程科学》 2004年 第6卷 第8期   页码 35-39

摘要：

研制了一种新型铝电解金属陶瓷惰性阳极，阳极基体由Fe-Ni-CoAl2O3构成。在石墨坩埚中，960℃温度下，电解质中的氧化铝质量分数为6.0%，摩尔比为2.6；阳极电流密度为1.0 A/cm2，阳极尺寸大小为120 mm×80 mm×15 mm，石墨阴极尺寸大小为120 mm×40 mm×20 mm，通入的直流电为100～300 A，电解时间各为10 h；实验所得的电解铝产品纯度达到98%以上，杂质主要为Fe，Ni，Co；电解后的阳极外观尺寸无明显变化，阳极气体中氧气质量分数达到98%～99%。阳极的反电动势为2.45 V，比理论分解电压仅高出0.25 V证明该阳极为惰性阳极，在电解槽中进行的是Al2O3的分解反应。

关键词： 铝电解     惰性阳极     反电动势    

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Microalgae

Sanath KONDAVEETI,Kwang Soon CHOI,Ramesh KAKARLA,Booki MIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第5期   页码 784-791 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0590-4

摘要： Renewable algae biomass, was used as substrate for generating electricity in two chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). From polarization test, maximum power density with pretreated algal biomass was 102 mW·m (951 mW·m ) at current generation of 276 mA·m . The individual electrode potential as a function of current generation suggested that anodic oxidation process of algae substrate had limitation for high current generation in MFC. Total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) reduction of 74% was obtained when initial TCOD concentration was 534 mg·L for 150 h of operation. The main organic compounds of algae oriented biomass were lactate and acetate, which were mainly used for electricity generation. Other by-products such as propionate and butyrate were formed at a negligible amount. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis pinpointed the charge transfer resistance (112 ?) of anode electrode, and the exchange current density of anode electrode was 1214 nA·cm .

关键词： microbial fuel cell (MFC)     algae     bioelectricity     substrate     volatile fatty acid     biomass     COD removal efficiency    

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Cancer and the environment: Filling knowledge gaps together

Linda S. BIRNBAUM PhD, DABT, ATS,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 131-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0044-3

摘要： When considering disease etiology, we need to view the role of the environment along the continuum from health to disease for individuals because we know that there are complex interactions between genes, their molecular expression, and environmental factors over a person’s lifetime. We clearly have huge gaps in our knowledge along this continuum, and these gaps are natural opportunities for research. There are many factors to consider as we assess the relationship between environmental exposures over a lifetime. One factor is persistence of chemicals that “live” beyond their initial intended use. Another factor is the fact that “inert ingredients” are not really inert. “Low dose” is also another consideration. We need to understand the biological effect of low dose exposure and we should clearly define what they mean by low dose research. For example, are we measuring the administered dose, or the internal/circulating dose? There are new types of toxicity as well. For example, endocrine disruptors and engineered nanomaterials are significant classes of materials deserving significant research. Timing of exposure is a significant feature in characterizing toxicity. Environmental exposures can have a greater impact in early or later life-stages. Finally, mixtures of chemicals are an important consideration. Humans are always exposed to multiple chemicals. In short, we must remember that there is no such thing as “not exposed.” Everyone has been exposed to many and various environmental agents.

关键词： environment     genes     environmental exposure     environmental agent     persistence     chemicals     inert ingredients     low dose    

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and microbial communities in full-scale IFAS and MBBR municipal wastewater treatment plants at high COD

Supaporn Phanwilai, Naluporn Kangwannarakul, Pongsak (Lek) Noophan, Tamao Kasahara, Akihiko Terada, Junko Munakata-Marr, Linda Ann Figueroa

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1374-2

摘要： Abstract • Two IFAS and two MBBR full-scale systems (high COD:N ratio 8:1) were characterized. • High specific surface area carriers grew and retained slow-growing nitrifiers. • High TN removal is related to high SRT and low DO concentration in anoxic tanks. The relative locations of AOB, NOB, and DNB were examined for three different kinds of carriers in two types of hybrid biofilm process configurations: integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes. IFAS water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) used AnodkalnessTM K1 carriers (KC) at Broomfield, Colorado, USA and polypropylene resin carriers (RC) at Fukuoka, Japan, while MBBR WRRFs used KC carriers at South Adams County, Colorado, USA and sponge carriers (SC) at Saga, Japan. Influent COD to N ratios ranged from 8:1 to 15:1. The COD and BOD removal efficiencies were high (96%–98%); NH4+-N and TN removal efficiencies were more varied at 72%–98% and 64%–77%, respectively. The extent of TN removal was higher at high SRT, high COD:N ratio and low DO concentration in the anoxic tank. In IFAS, RC with high specific surface area (SSA) maintained higher AOB population than KC. Sponge carriers with high SSA maintained higher overall bacteria population than KC in MBBR systems. However, the DNB were not more abundant in high SSA carriers. The diversity of AOB, NOB, and DNB was fairly similar in different carriers. Nitrosomonas sp. dominated over Nitrosospira sp. while denitrifying bacteria included Rhodobacter sp., Sulfuritalea sp., Rubrivivax sp., Paracoccus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. The results from this work suggest that high SRT, high COD:N ratio, low DO concentration in anoxic tanks, and carriers with greater surface area may be recommended for high COD, BOD and TN removal in WRRFs with IFAS and MBBR systems.

关键词： IFAS     MBBR     AnodkalnessTM K1 carrier     Polypropylene resin carrier     Sponge carrier    

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气体分布板开孔结构对流化床干燥性能的影响

刘巍,汤文成

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第2期   页码 47-50

摘要：

针对惰性粒子流化床干燥器，以洗衣粉悬浮液为对象，先后进行了气体分布板开直孔和开斜孔的流化干燥实验。通过测定干燥器的流体力学特性曲线，以及在相同进料量、进风温度、进风速度或惰性粒子直径条件下的体积传热系数曲线和热效率曲线，考察和分析了气体分布板两种不同的开孔结构对干燥器流体力学和传热性能的影响。结果表明，气体分布板开斜孔的床内气流阻力要高于开直孔的气流阻力，但其体积传热系数和热效率相对较高，即斜孔较直孔更加有利于床内传热。在此基础上，对惰性粒子流化床干燥器的生产调节措施进行了初步探讨。

关键词： 气体分布板     开孔结构     惰性粒子     流化床     干燥性能    

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Anaerobic treatment of fresh leachate from a municipal solid waste incinerator by upflow blanket filter reactor

Pinjing HE, Min LI, Suyun XU, Liming SHAO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 404-411 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0149-6

摘要： This paper describes the feasibility of fresh leachate treatment by an upflow blanket filter (UBF). Through dilution and partial effluent recycling, the organic loading rates increased from 0.51to 14.56kg COD/(m·d), meanwhile the corresponding hydraulic retention time decreased from 9.0d to 3.6d. The reactor was able to achieve steady-state within 80d. Based on the distribution of COD fluxes in the process, it was concluded that anabolism was the main pathway of COD removal in the initial phase (1―33d), accounting for 57%―85% of total COD removed. As the anaerobic consortium of bacteria reached steady-state (after 70―86d), the majority of COD removed was transformed into methane, because the specific methane yield was close to the theoretical value (0.36L CH/(g COD)).

关键词： distribution of COD fluxes     effluent recycling     leachate     methane yield     organic loading rate     upflow blanket filter    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Degradation of refractory organics in concentrated leachate by the Fenton process: Central composite design for process optimization

Senem Yazici Guvenc, Gamze Varank

期刊论文

中国铝工业应用新型电极材料的研究与展望

邱竹贤

期刊论文

Nitrate removal to its fate in wetland mesocosm filled with sponge iron: Impact of influent COD/N ratio

Zhihao Si, Xinshan Song, Xin Cao, Yuhui Wang, Yifei Wang, Yufeng Zhao, Xiaoyan Ge, Awet Arefe Tesfahunegn

期刊论文

microflora and its bioaugmentation on anaerobic wastewater treatment for enhancing methane production and COD

Chong Liu, Jianzheng Li, Shuo Wang, Loring Nies

期刊论文

mechanisms of key functional microorganisms in the partial denitrification-anammox process induced by COD

期刊论文

Characterization of CANON reactor performance and microbial community shifts with elevated COD/N ratios

Yao Zhang, Yayi Wang, Yuan Yan, Haicheng Han, Min Wu

期刊论文

21世纪伊始铝电解工业的新进展

邱竹贤

期刊论文

A new fracture criterion for peridynamic and dual-horizon peridynamics

Jinhai ZHAO, Hesheng TANG, Songtao XUE

期刊论文

Biotoxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles on bacterial performance of activated sludge at COD

期刊论文

铝电解用Fe-Ni-Co-Al2O3金属陶瓷惰性阳极

邱竹贤,石忠宁,徐君莉

期刊论文

Microalgae

Sanath KONDAVEETI,Kwang Soon CHOI,Ramesh KAKARLA,Booki MIN

期刊论文

Cancer and the environment: Filling knowledge gaps together

Linda S. BIRNBAUM PhD, DABT, ATS,

期刊论文

and microbial communities in full-scale IFAS and MBBR municipal wastewater treatment plants at high COD

Supaporn Phanwilai, Naluporn Kangwannarakul, Pongsak (Lek) Noophan, Tamao Kasahara, Akihiko Terada, Junko Munakata-Marr, Linda Ann Figueroa

期刊论文

气体分布板开孔结构对流化床干燥性能的影响

刘巍,汤文成

期刊论文

Anaerobic treatment of fresh leachate from a municipal solid waste incinerator by upflow blanket filter reactor

Pinjing HE, Min LI, Suyun XU, Liming SHAO,

期刊论文